Dichroic

Modern dichroic glass is made by depositing layers of metallic oxides onto glass in a vacuum chamber. These layers act like prisms to refract light making an irridescence. Lampwork artists incorporate bits of dichroic glass into their glass beads to create dichroic accents.
The earliest forms of dichroic-like materials occurred as natural phenomena going back to prehistoric times. The first man made dichroic-like glass was created in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia by fusing glass. The modern dichroic process was first developed in the 20th Century for use in photography and in the aerospace industry. Later, in the 1990s, glass artists became aware of it and began using it in glass art because of its beauty. Since then it has become one of the most popular modalities for accenting glass beads.

HOME Click here to return to the Home Page.

Beads and Religion

Beads have been involved in religion for millenia. The English word "bead" is derived from the old Anglo-Saxon prayer or request (as in the German word "bitte"). Archeologists have found glass beads in the graves of early Medieval Anglo-Saxon graves. The earliest religion to have used beads extensively appears to have been Hinduism from which the use of prayer beads passed to the other major Eastern religion Buddhism . Hindu and Buddhist prayer beads are called mala. They are often in strands of 108 beads representing the 108 obstacles one must overcome to reach Nirvana or Heaven or Enlightenment. In some religious groups, only monks use 108 beads while lay people use only 30-40 because less is required of them. Devotees of the Hindu god Shiva use beads made of a particular seed. Devotees of the Hindu god Vishnu use carved wooden beads. Buddhist beads were originally made of seeds and wood from the bodhi tree but subsequently have become made of various materials as Buddhism has spread to various countries. Later in the early Middle Ages the use of beads in prayer spread to Islam and Christianity. Islamic prayer beads are known as subha (from the Arabic word for "exalt"). Each strand of Roman Catholic prayer beads is known as a rosary because the rose in Roman Catholicism represents perfection. Interestingly, Judaism does not use prayer beads. Judaism does use cloth fringes on the corners of prayer shawls, but this comes from the Bible directly and is not related to the bead tradition.

You can see various glass beads handcrafted by the Beadshaper at http://www.beadshaper.com

History of lampwork

This is the Bead and Jewelry History page of Rose's web-site, http://www.beadshaper.com/ Periodically (about once a month) we publish a new essay. The introductory essay is on the History of Lampworking.

HISTORY OF LAMPWORKING
Lampworking is the art of melting glass over a flame and winding it into glass beads. People started making beads at least 40,000 years ago in pre-historic times. The earliest beads were probably made from seeds and berries, and then later stones and bones. The idea of stringing them together began about 30,000 years ago. Beads in ancient times were used to decorate bodies, clothes, boxes, and many other objects. Glass making was invented about 5,000 years ago in Mesopotamia. The earliest glass objects were only owned by royalty because of their rarity. Only later did they become available to others. The ancient Egyptians made ceramic beads and later glass beads. The Greeks and Romans developed the technique of making glass beads with mosaic patterns. Early European glass makers limited their art to certain families who passed it on from one generation to the next. Venice became the center of glass making in Renaissance times. Glass making spread to other parts of Europe and glass beads were carried by merchants and explorers all over the world for trade with indigenous people. Today glass beads are not reserved for royalty or traded for land, furs, and tobacco, but intricate and unique glass beads can be appreciated by anyone with an eye for beautiful art.

HOME Click here to return to the home page.